{"id":5131,"date":"2026-05-01T08:22:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T08:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bbpmfg.com\/?p=5131"},"modified":"2026-05-01T08:50:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T08:50:05","slug":"chemical-pumps-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bbpmfg.com\/ar\/blog\/chemical-pumps-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 3 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\nPVDF \u062d\u062a\u0649 135 \u00b0C\u061b PTFE \u062d\u062a\u0649 260 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/td>\nAPI 685 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629) \/ASME B73.3 (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0631\u061b \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ASTM D543<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a: \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u061b PD: \u0644\u0632\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 5 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\nMag-drive \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645\u060c AODD\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n

\"\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (PVDF\u060c PTFE\u060c 316 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c Hastelloy\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/td>\nPVDF\u060c PTFE\u060c 316 SS\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a (\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2192 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 0 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udcd0 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/th>\n\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644<\/th>\n\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n5500 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u061b \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n10.2000+ \u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645<\/td>\n\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AODD (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621)<\/strong><\/td>\n1 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 250 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621)<\/td>\n\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u061b \u0646\u0628\u0636\u061b \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645)<\/strong><\/td>\n0.1 500 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n0.001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u062910 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u061b \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PVDF \u0648PTFE \u0648316 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648Hastelloy\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648<\/a>. \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 316 PVDF\u060c PTFE\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c Hastelloy\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udcd0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PP)<\/strong><\/td>\n~80 \u00b0\u062c<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641)<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PVDF (\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>\n~135\u00b0\u062c<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629)<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PTFE (\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646)<\/strong><\/td>\n~260 \u00b0\u062c<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n200+ \u00b0\u062c<\/td>\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0633\u064a-276<\/strong><\/td>\n400+ \u00b0\u062c<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

1. PVDF \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 135 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 PTFE \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. 2. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a) 316 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 - \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 Hastelloy \u0623\u0648 PTFE \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. 3. \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642<\/h2>\n

\"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0631<\/a>, \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 A\/B\/C. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 A\/B\/C \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0637\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u201csulfuric\u201d \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 30% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c 98% oleum \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 (20\u00b0C)\u061b \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 80\u00b0C \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0632\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 (\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM D543 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647: \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/th>\n\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/th>\n\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u062a\u0645)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 (\u0642\u0630\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621)<\/td>\n\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\nAPI 685\/ASME B73.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0631\u0645\u062d\/\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/td>\n\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a B73.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 (AODD\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643)<\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \/3-\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30-60 % \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0640 \u2018\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u2019 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

\"\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u201c \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 lock\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udcd0 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 6 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (ma\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 (GPM)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a (PSI \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 NPSH \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 10 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 (\u0644\u0643\u0644 H2.5)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645: \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
  5. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 Div 1 \/2 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 1 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 (IE3 \/ IE4) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n
  6. \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f (\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 TDS\u060c SDS\u060c CoC\u060c ASTM \/ API \/ ASME).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 OEM \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 200 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 6 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a (PDF) \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 1 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2026 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627)<\/h2>\n

    \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20-40 % \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Modbus TCP\u060c OPC-UA)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629\u061b IE3 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f IE4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 2026 \u0623\u0648 2027 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 IE3 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061b \u0636\u0627\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 IE2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 5-8 % \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a PFAS \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631<\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u0642\u0639 PVDF \u0648PTFE \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 PFAS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (PEEK\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 2027-2030 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 PVDF \u0648PTFE \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n

    \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n
    \n\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/summary>\n
    \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n
    \n\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/summary>\n
    \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. 200 cP \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0639\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a). \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u061f<\/h3>\n
    \n\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/summary>\n
    \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (>~80 %) \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0640 PTFE \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0640 PTFE\u061b \u064a\u0639\u062f Hastelloy C-276 \u0648Alloy 20 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SS 316 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 (<~50 %) 316 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 PVDF \u0623\u0648 PTFE \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u0633: \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b\u061f<\/h3>\n
    \n\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/summary>\n
    \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0644 5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 (\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 (\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u0633: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (AODD) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n
    \n\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/summary>\n
    \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 AODD \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n
    \n\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/summary>\n
    \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644) \u0648\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641. PTFE \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n